Change Management A Board Culture Of Corporate Governance

1.A brief introduction According to O’Donovan (2003), corporate governance is an internal system that includes policies, processes and people, which serves the requirements of shareholders and other stakeholders, by directing and controlling management activities with good business savvy, objectivity and integrity. O Donovan, G. (2003). Change Management-A Board Culture of Corporate Governance. Corporate Governance International, 6(3), 28-37. Over the first decade of the twenty-first century, a number of massive company scandals and collapses, such as the Healthsouth scandal in 2003, American Insurance Group scandal in 2005 and Lehman Brothers scandal in 2008 increased the attention to public, firms and governments about the importance of corporate governance and it showed that corporate governance is a critical element of the risk management. Executive compensation can motivate executive to work for the growth of business and it is expected to match the directors’ performance. However, the directors’ pay and their performance sometimes mismatch and it is unsustainable and harms the interest of shareholders. To encourage the stronger working relationships between company boards and shareholders, UK government published the ‘Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013’ on June 2013. By giving shareholders of UK quoted companies the power with binding vote on directors’ pay (hereafter referre d to as say on pay). At least 50 per cent of a firm s shareholders have toShow MoreRelatedIntroduction 2 Corporate governance Requirements†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦.3 The link betwwen1700 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction 2 Corporate governance Requirements†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦.3 The link betwwen Governance, Risk management, and Compliance (GRC) 4 The major procedures to apply the overview requirements 5 The importance of corporate governance practices 6 The benefits of corporate governance practices 7 Conculison†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..8 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..9 Introduction Recently the globalization of financial sector, and banking marketsRead MoreHow Corporate Governance And The Breakdown Of Each Sector ( Private Versus Public )1598 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Corporate Governance is the system of rules, practices and processes in which a company is controlled and directed. â€Å"It essentially involves balancing the interests of the many stakeholders in the company.† (Investopedia). These can include shareholders, management, customers, suppliers, financiers, government and the community depending on the type of company. It provides the framework for attaining any company’s objectives. As western culture transitions into a more globalizedRead MoreHong Kong Establishing an Audit Committee for Companies799 Words   |  3 Pagesindependent non executive of director wit sufficientand appropriate financial experience. Shareholders should be provided with information about the composition, role and function of the audit committee in order to assess its effectiveness. Corporate Governance Disclosure Source Details of the composition of the audit committee, the work undertaken during the year and the number of times the audit committee met during the year. GR Details of the composition of the audit committee. HKSA recommendationRead MoreFinancial Management And Corporate Social Responsibility1216 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction With constant changes in the business world these days as well as the significant growth of organization, there are such key concerns on not only the issue of financial management or corporate social responsibility, but also the importance of ethics and governance, in which how an organization manages its business acting in the best interests of public and stakeholders. Indeed, there has been several of the failure of governance, fraud or bankrupt of large scale organizations in recentRead MoreCorporate Governance in Three Economies Germany, Japan and the United States1484 Words   |  6 Pages Corporate Governance in Three Economies: Germany, Japan and the United States 1. Strategy, Governance Concepts and Business Terminology: 1. Corporate governance 6. Legal structure 11. Crossholding 2. meeting of shareholders 7. Outstanding share 12. Limited liability companies 3. Long-term financing 8. Supervisory board 13. shareownership 4. Bond and equity market 9. Pension funds 14. Direct and Indirect households 5. Board of directors 10. Management board 15. InsideRead MoreExecutive Summary : Martha Stewart1706 Words   |  7 PagesMSO. Unfortunately for Stewart, there were some underlying issues that would eventually cause major problems for her and her company. Many of these problems sprouted from a lack of corporate governance, and it could be said that some of these issues could have been avoided if there had been better corporate governance policies in place. One of the biggest problems MSO faced was Stewart’s involvement in the company. Much of the success of her company relied on her image. She was very popular andRead MoreTransparency in Corporate Governance1507 Words   |  7 PagesCORPIRATE GOVERNANCE McBride Financial Services - Transparency in Corporate Governance University of Phoenix May 4, 2009 Transparency is imperative with respect to corporate governance due to the crucial nature of reporting financial information to maintaining investor and consumer confidence. The lack of devotion to corporate governance policies will send the message that the company is unbalanced and the leadership is not incorporating the highest level of integrity with change initiativesRead MoreCorporate Governance And Role Of Managers1698 Words   |  7 PagesContents INTRODUCTION 1 CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND ROLE OF MANAGERS 1 STAKEHOLDERS AND THEIR NEEDS 2 LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT PROCESS 3 DIFFERENT CORPORATE GOVERNANCE MODEL AND STRATEGIES 4 CONCLUSION 6 REFERENCES 6 INTRODUCTION This assignment is aiming to identify and critically evaluate the role of institutional investors in gaining better corporate governance. Institutional investors are those organizations, groups of people, families with large pool of money for investment and they systematicallyRead MoreTheories of Corporate Governance1320 Words   |  6 PagesTheories of Corporate Governance The philosophical foundations of corporate governance Edited by Thomas Clarke Contents Preface Acknowledgements ‘Introduction: Theories of Governance – Reconceptualizing Corporate Governance Theory After the Enron Experience’ Thomas Clarke PART 1 ECONOMIC FOUNDATIONS ix xi 1 31 34 45 ‘The Managerial Revolution in American Business’ Alfred D. Chandler Jr ‘The Impact of the Corporation on Classical Economic Theory’ Adolf A. Berle PART 2 AGENCY THEORY Read MoreStrategic Analysis Of Pfizers Strategic Analysis1257 Words   |  6 Pages Second, those concepts will be applied to the case of Pfizer in order to analyze its corporate governance, organizational structure and strategic leadership. The analysis of Pfizer will be followed by its evaluation to identify the major problem the company is facing and propose a solution. A short conclusion will close the report. 2. CONCEPTS All organizations have to establish management and governance arrangements that are appropriate for their businesses, and meet the requirements of their

The Treatment and Diagnosing of Traumatic Brain Injury Essay

Thesis Statement: Our veterans deserve for the procedures implicated in the treatment of all mild head injuries to have detailed diagnostic testing, in-depth evaluations, and follow up so there are not adverse future effects. I. The treatments of our veterans should be complete and timely. A. The procedures in treatment of mild head injuries need to be detailed. B. Rapid objective methods in diagnosing, evaluating, and follow up are imperative. II. Procedures may be implicated in the diagnosis of mild TBI. A. The types of headaches following a blast may determine severity of head injury. B. A simple blood test is a viable option. C. The combat medic is important in determining evidence of a†¦show more content†¦In the first place, diagnostic procedures can be implicated to determine the severity of the head injury. The headaches the soldiers may experience after a blast, which results in a mild traumatic brain injury, is now being evaluated. The immediate diagnosis of the soldier’s injuries could make a difference in the future problems the brain injury could cause. In civilian life, if a person suffers from a possible mild head injury from an accident, it is evaluated to the fullest to determine if any permanent damage has occurred. This should also be the case with our soldiers who are in the everyday situation of the mild brain injury. It is important for the medics to determine if the soldiers who suf fer with migraines after a blast are not suffering from a mild head injury. With attention to the severity of a headache and the symptoms that follow can be a standard that is used to decide the follow up action and treatment. â€Å"Ninety-two percent of soldiers experienced the onset of headache within one week. The average severity of the headache was moderate to severe with throbbing, aching, and sharp or burning pain. Blast did appear to associate with more complex headache types†. (Finkel et al. 957-965) After the headache evaluation a simple blood test could help in the diagnosis. A blood test should be a diagnostic standards for all the soldiers who have been inShow MoreRelatedDreaming and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: The Connection974 Words   |  4 PagesPsychCentral, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is defined as a â€Å"debilitating mental disorder that follows experiencing or witnessing an extremely traumatic, tragic, or terrifying event† (PTSD Info Treat ment, 2013). 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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has affected many people, but has hardly raised awareness; in fact according to Marcia Clemmitt â€Å"About 1.7 million Americans suffer a traumatic brain injury (TBI) every year†¦Yet, while they affect so many people, TBI has received little medical-research funding until brain injuries from theRead MoreDiffuse Axonal Injury And Its Effects1076 Words   |  5 Pages2017 Diffuse Axonal Injury Diffuse axonal injury occurs in nearly half of all severe craniocerebral traumas. Lesions in the white matter over a wide area of the brain, often affecting the brainstem, corpus callosum, and cerebral hemispheres are caused by DAI. Studies show that DAI is a result of traumatic acceleration/deceleration, and ninety percent of patients with severe DAI never regain consciousness, while those who do survive often face significant impairs. This injury is extensive and isRead MoreTraumatic Brain Injury Essay1284 Words   |  6 Pages Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the result of an external force against the head that causes displacement of the cranial structures, either through impact with an object or through acceleration and deceleration. TBI is not isolated to a single ethnic group, socioeconomic class, or region (Berquist et al., 2009; Jang et al., 2013). In 2002, the United States had the highest incidence of reported TBI cases of any developed country. The incidence of hospital admissions due to closed head injuriesRead MoreEssay on Ethical Issues in End-of-Life Decisions1453 Words   |  6 Pagesvalue the lives of their love ones no matter how limited their lives are. So the medical, legal and moral questions arise; should PVS patients be denied nutrition and hydration until they die? 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As this is an injury to the brain the literature is vast with insight into what part of the brain injured resulted in what change in the individual. Children and athletics have been the main focus in recent years for studies as research have shown that undiagnosed injuries can have long lasting effects. The area of focus is that of inmates. It is a population

Project Management for Operators

Question: Discuss about theProject Management for Operators. Answer: Introduction Disputes are emerging in a large way due to growing number of projects. One should be prepared for the disruptions in the infrastructure project from the beginning and solve conflicts before ending up in arbitration or litigation. Business case approach should be adopted to know the pros and cons, success and potential liability of the project. Contracts and tenders should know how to deal with these disruptions. Learning Summary Learning Outcome Learning from experience 1. Reasons behind the dispute during the projects Salet, W., Bertolini, L. and Giezen, M., 2013. Complexity and uncertainty: problem or asset in decision making of mega infrastructure projects?.International Journal of Urban and Regional Research,37(6), pp.1984-2000. The disputes take place during the project when it goes beyond budget and run behind the schedule. A project tends to fail when it miss the deadline and gives estimations during project planning. A dispute arises when there is a difference in the opinion of people working for the project. A dispute may arise when there is a mistake in the judgment. One of the main causes of the dispute in a project is error or omission in the contract and proper administration of the contract. In UK, the main cause of dispute has not understood or adheres to the contract accountability by the sub-contractor or contractor or an employee. In Europe, the main cause of dispute is varied site conditions. The projects can end up in dispute due to political pressure of publicly announcing the project completion date (Salet, Bertolini and Giezen 2013). Learning Outcome Description of Experience including reading samples Learning from experience 2. Keeping documents to support claims Guo, F., Chang-Richards, Y., Wilkinson, S. and Li, T.C., 2014. Effects of project governance structures on the management of risks in major infrastructure projects: A comparative analysis.International Journal of Project Management,32(5), pp.815-826. One of the biggest challenges during a dispute is collecting proof for keeping a backup to claim during a dispute and get updated planning and construction process of the project. Documents are maintained for the welfare of quality, efficiency and good decision-making. The owners and contractors should maintain a document containing updated information about the construction and planning process and people working on the project. Information is the turning point of dispute and thus it is required to maintain documents. To explain why certain actions took place, documents have to be maintained. Documenting information can lead to the decision-making of winning or losing the dispute (Guo et al. 2014). Learning Outcome Description of Experience including reading samples Learning from experience 3. Risk associated with disputes Pai, S.K. and Bharath, J.R., 2013. Analysis of Critical Causes of Delays in Indian Infrastructure Projects.International Journal of Innovative Research and Development|| ISSN 22780211,2(3), pp.251-263. If there is a dispute mediation, conciliation, arbitration and litigation will take place. Mediation and conciliation is a speedy and cheap process than arbitration and litigation to solve disputes. If mediation does not work out in transnational disputes, then arbitration is more popular than litigation in the construction industry (Pai and Bharath 2013). Learning Outcome Description of Experience including reading samples Learning from experience 4. Identify and planning to remove risk Salet, W., Bertolini, L. and Giezen, M., 2013. Complexity and uncertainty: problem or asset in decision making of mega infrastructure projects?.International Journal of Urban and Regional Research,37(6), pp.1984-2000. Identification The risk associated should be clearly identified. The company should solve the dispute as fast as possible to reduce cost and delays to the contractor or else contractor will try to figure out how to increase their own profit. Risk can be reduced by hiring an independent advisor and implement the assurance process. Planning When the projects get diverged, it results in a costly dispute Project managers need to monitor and control risk continuously Project managers have to ensure that the communication line is opened and through negotiation, the projects resumes. The companies should properly control and govern the projects to remain on track (Salet, Bertolini and Giezen 2013). References Guo, F., Chang-Richards, Y., Wilkinson, S. and Li, T.C., 2014. Effects of project governance structures on the management of risks in major infrastructure projects: A comparative analysis.International Journal of Project Management,32(5), pp.815-826. Pai, S.K. and Bharath, J.R., 2013. Analysis of Critical Causes of Delays in Indian Infrastructure Projects.International Journal of Innovative Research and Development|| ISSN 22780211,2(3), pp.251-263. Park, Y.I. and Papadopoulou, T.C., 2012. Causes of cost overruns in transport infrastructure projects in Asia: their significance and relationship with project size.Built Environment Project and Asset Management,2(2), pp.195-216. Salet, W., Bertolini, L. and Giezen, M., 2013. Complexity and uncertainty: problem or asset in decision making of mega infrastructure projects?.International Journal of Urban and Regional Research,37(6), pp.1984-2000.

Pragmatism in Government free essay sample

The character of politics makes consistency pretty close to impossible, partly because politicians are human and human nature is inconsistent, and partly because the voters dont really want consistency. As voters, we have the luxury of holding politicians to standards we would almost certainly be unable to meet if we were in their positions. And when they fail, we revile them for their hypocrisy, which is as pointless as reviling a dog for having a moist nose. Now, all of this may make Auntie sound awfully cynical. Should we have no moral standards at all for politicians? Should we throw principles by the wayside and let ome kind of shifty situational ethics fgleaf naked greed and power grabbing? Not at Just for illustration, take the issue of saving people from oppressive dictators, which is unquestionably a worthy concept, right up there with protecting children from pedophiles or saving animals from being abused and mistreated. We will write a custom essay sample on Pragmatism in Government or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page But no matter how worthy an end is, its moral righteousness alone can never Justify evil means employed in achieving it. Its not wrong, cold, or cynical to carefully calculate the cost of achieving a noble end, its responsible, and responsibility is what we should be emanding from ourselves and the leaders we elect to represent us. Costs come in many forms. We may not always agree on the totals, or even what should be counted as cost in such an equation, but the greater the potential for harm from an action, the more stringently we should perform the analysis. If, for example, saving people from an oppressive dictator requires unpopular political decisions, economic pressure that involves some level of pain and suffering on both sides, diplomatic actions that require quids-pro-quo wed rather not give, possibly even strained relations with another party whose good will has value for us, etc. thats one calculation. If it requires military action, thats another cost accounting entirely. Military action, even for noble motives, has enormous potential for doing harm if something goes wrong, if errors are made, or the logistical or tactical situations change. And the intensity and impact of that harm is likely to be enormous as well. The consequences can be grave, long-lasting, and far-reaching, so the costs have to be calculated with extreme care and with maximum possible integrity. Those potential costs, and the likelihood of their being required, have to be factored into the equation. Lets take the other examples, protecting children from pedophiles and saving animals from abuse † each of these goals is indisputably good. What is required to achieve them, however, must be calculated, and each voter, and each elected official, will calculate differently. How effectively will any given measure reduce the risk of children being victimized? What are the costs of each measure, both short-term and long-term? . who bears those costs and n It, tor example, the measure under consideration involves restricting or denying civil rights and liberties granted under the Constitution, how do we choose whose rights will be curtailed? How much will that reduce the risk to children, and how much will it cost all of us to ensure that only those we are certain pose such a risk are denied their civil rights? I saw an amusing bumper sticker recently that said Liberals treat dogs like people, and conservatives treat people like dogs. Although I cant agree with such blanket characterizations (l have known liberals who mistreat dogs, and whose treatment of people wouldnt give dogs much to hope for, and conservatives who rescue dogs and exhibit deep compassion and care for people,) it provokes considerable thought. What are our priorities, and how do we choose to act on them? What should we expect our elected leaders to do with our priorities? First, it helps to remember that our elected officials are balancing my priorities against my neighbors priorities, not to mention the priorities of those who gave big money to their campaigns. And not only our priorities, but our beliefs about what means can and should be used to address them, will differ widely. What if the policy or legislative action that an elected leader truly believes is right also happens to address a priority of a donor who gave them a lot of money? On the other hand, what f the means of implementing that policy or action would go against the donors ideas of what is acceptable? What if those means address a priority of mine, but would require a sacrifice from my neighbor and seem a little doubtful to me? The reason so many people think of issues in black and white is that its easier. By establishing a rigid framework of right and wrong and tying everything to that framework and ignoring the complexities, they free themselves from having to do all those calculations. Its reprehensible enough in a voter, because after all, we have the ultimate responsibility for our government. But in an elected official, whose actions have immediate and far-ranging consequences, taking the black/white shortcut is deeply irresponsible. An elected leader cant be consistent and still be responsibly considering all the aspects of her actions. What she has to be, is thoughtful, cautious, and open-minded† willing to admit mistakes and work to correct them, but less likely to make them because she considers each action thoroughly. And we as voters need to stop reflexively chastising those we elect for inconsistency or hypocrisy, and start holding them accountable for how carefully and completely hey calculate the costs of their decisions, and their willingness to abide by those decisions. Thanks for bringing up such an interesting question, Jeniece, and for putting it to Auntie Pinko! It seems that the question is based on a false dichotomy. Ideology and pragmatism arent an either-or, its a case of apples and oranges. The liberal call tor a pragmatic response to Iraq is not necessarily a choice between idealism and the ends Justify the means, while Clintons support of NAFTA was both pragmatic AND ideological, no matter how misguided (Clinton is a neoliberal after all). The response seems to confuse ideology and values. Ideology is political theory, the basis of policy and, when misguided the lense through which problems and opportunities are viewed. Pragmatism (in the sense used in both the question and the response) is tantamount to realpolitik, which is the practice of politics without moral or ethical values. I myself have an issue with the American political system because it IS largely bereft of ideology outside the leitmotif of neoliberal economics and neoconservative foreign policy. The GOP and the DLC indeed propound the above ideologies and to a great extent base their world-view through ideologically-tinted glasses, but it is a alse ideology in more ways than one. What is worse is that neither group actually articulate their ideology in political discourse with the electorate it is hidden through rhetorical flourish and spin. Neoliberalism is a false ideology because it was created ex post facto in order to justify a pre-existing condition (laissez faire capitalism, free marketism, greed, abuse, etc. ). It was created in Mt. Pellegrin on the basis of the Austrian School of economic theory and it is wholly divorced from democratic principles (the common weal, etc). Neoconservatism is philosophically based on a serially mendacious ndividual (Leo Strauss) that Justifies manipulation and lies. Nevertheless, America NEEDS ideologies because, for too long our political discourse has been driven by relatively unimportant, short-term and specific issues such as abortion, gun control, immigration, and the like. Neither party has expressed a long- term goal and of course strategies to achieve said goals while both parties have gone their merry way maintaining a situation of corporate corruption and the tyranny of special interests. This makes American political discourse something of a bad Joke and party affilliation little different from being a fan of a sports team. cepting, of course, those earthshaking issues such as Terry Schiavos cerebral cortex. Politicis in a democracy is indeed the balancing and negotiation between sides, groups and individuals. The responses confusion between values and ideology clouds the issue in a democracy with ideologically-driven parties (that articulate said ideologies) the compromises take on a different meaning and scope. The absence of ideo logy turns our body politic into a trade show and keeps the electorate from fighting for a better future. Hear, Hear, from the OTHER District of Columbia, Washington State. The Columbia River restricts access, Just like the security forces in D. C. ) Here our politics has shitted over the years as well, even though, tortunately, we are rather progressive. Pragmatism is an important factor in the decisions politicians make, and sometimes utopians lose sight of the dangers and difficulties in making things turn out right. Even so, I agree with the utopians regarding their goals and commitment. The main questions involve what to do about the fact that not everybody agrees, at least in the short term, on the issues. I urge utopians to maintain their goodwill, while nderstanding reality as much as possible. Fighting for justice and a well-adjusted society requires patience and effort, which can often cause people to quit working for a better future. I urge steadfastness to principle here. Idealism is good, as long as you realize that not everybody is idealistic. Progress in human affairs is difficult and somewhat uncertain. But we do have evidence of its existence. Lets stick to our beliefs, through thick and thin. Remember to use your head to help your heartfelt beliefs come to realization, because finding the answers to problems takes thinking and effort.